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H. l.. TANNER.

wnoscw COMPASS. APPLI'CAHON FILED MAY l 5| 1915. 1,309,591. iatcnicd July 8, 12H9.

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UNITED. STATES PATENT orrron.

,Kermit LAURENCETANNEB., OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AssIGNOR To THE SPEKRY GYBOSOOPE COMPANY. or BROOKLYN,` -NEW YORK, A CORPORATION. or NEW arnosot'rlo comrnss.

o'tizlliwhom t'tjnag/ concern:

1it I known that` I, HARRY LCIENCE Tannen, a oitizenfot the United States of pecially yto the type of suc-h apparatus an instrument which will lseek the meridian, ifi displaced.

`in which the sourcesoferror in all the presonttypes of compas'ses are eliminated by 'the isting types of compasses may be'mentioned friction 'about the vertical and horizontal axes 'of-l the gyroscope or gyroscopes fand rollingv ..of lthe .shi'p, especially on an inte-rcardinal course.

,' Another object ofthe'invention istofsini-4 `plifjf lthe construction'of gyrorcompass by eliminating'the necessity, lfor auxiliary sta-- bilzing gyroscopes, which add'little or nOth-' ingto the directive force ofthe compass.'

.eferring tothel drawings, in which-what @I now consider. to be a 4preferred form of m v intention is illstratec'l, Figure 1 is 'the south elevation partly in section. of a' coin- :ib-plete compass. parts of which. however, are

,shown diagrammatically rather `than 'as ac,-

" .tually constructed. F ig.v2 isan elementary wlring diagram of a portion ofthe compass'.

" F igs.- 3' and 4 are details of electrical concia'l form of motor which I employ.` Fig. 'is a detail of the connection between one I. `of the motors andthe main compass frame.

1912, but in order to illustrate, more clearly the scientific principles ofmylnventlon, the

'Americayresidingat Brooklyn, New York, l; have invented4 certain 'newfand useful, Im provemefn'ts fin Gvroscopic, Compasses, of.

One'objeotoft-his invention is to .constructv an entirely new 'type of gyroscopic compass tacts. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a spe.

Snecilcetionl of Letters Patent. I Patented Ju1y;8-"191.9 .amucauoaaiednay 15,1915. serialuo.28,288.`

rotors are shown simply as fly wheels 1l and Pirots 5 and `(S'a're positioned well above 4the center of gravity of the rotors and their.

',casings' So that `each rotor, if driven in the l'proper direction, 'will operate 4as a'col'npass. The'supporting,rlngs T and 8 yare symmetrically located and rotatably mounted on rerticalpirots 9, 10.11 and l2 in4 acom-y mon supporting -frame 13, so as ,to be.free 'to=turn .or precesswith respect thereto, but 'are interconnected for 'predetermined' rela-I tive-movements. In the form ofthe invened so that the)Pv canturn onl1 f in opposite directions. as b v gearingthem together at vertical pivot in a supporting' spider 16,

rotorI is mounted for inde- '4 pendent oscillation about 'a horizontalI axis asgbvl pivotinglframes S-and 4 on pivots 5 v and v6 in apair of vert-ical rings-7 and 8'..

14. The frame 13. is in turn mounted on ation illustrated, the gyroscopes are Vconnect-v manner, as b v means'o gimbal rings 117 and 180. The compass cardis mountedonhframe 13.

' f 4-Irtthis form of the invention the opposite' action of the gvroscopesis obtained b v rotating them .in opposite directions. "hile I am aware that heretofore the advantages of utilizing oppositely .rotating 'gvros in gyroscopc apparatus has been'recognized and even that sucligyros have been used infthe gym-navigational instruments of the nondirective type; I claim that I am the4 first 'to' conceive how Oppositeltv rotating gyros may be utilized to produce a positive, meridian' I. accomplish the result of the paper. The behavior of rotor 2 will f be quite different. however. It will Vbe seen that the effect of gravitation actin on the pendulous frame will be to cause tie gyro-- scope to tend to precess farther awayt'rom the meri-diari. in case it'` was slightly disturbed. In'other words. the gyroscope may `be said yto be in a condition comparable to 45 which'. allows 'only 5.5 dulous gyro.

. 1 provid@l a means, howeveaffor utilizing o this unstable tendency into' 'a positive directive force substantially' i' equal in-,p'ower'to that of the otherfgyroscope. To this/end means are provided for ydirectly or indirect y causing a' torque to be i applied about the horizontal axisof said gyroscope 'on its turning away from its nonr mal position within the vertical frame 8,. the

'directionof thetorque being opposite to the vtorque.exerted by gravity on the other.

This means' may comprise;` an i electromagnetctorque"applying device 17 adapted to exert a torque about'theghori: zontal axis '6 ofthegyx-o'.A Said device-is controlledfrom about amsn-12. It may comprise a' trolley or brush 19 mounted on a .post 190 onrame 13`and a pair of' reversing contacts 2 0'a1`id arm 200 extending from 21.-mounted onl an ring S-so as to turn therewith. .The contacts are so connectedlwith-the amature coils 22 andI -23 ,ofi motor 17` that the torque is re# versed when-trolley 19 crosses from one con tact to the other and s'o that zero torque vis applied when 'the trolley is touchin .plo'y will be described hereinafter.

. The effect' of this torque 'applying devicel is as follows: As soon-as the gyr starts to; 'preoess` awayv from the meridian,

- causes stated above, contact 20 or 21 operates to -causemotor 171to exert.- a torque about vhorizontal axis 6. 'This torque is-so adjusted 40 as. to'oppose and. more than overbalance the couple due to gravity, lthe gyro toprecess backtoward `the' me# ridian. Butsuch a,l movement about pivots 11- and 12 is prevented by the connection 14, opposite precession about axes 9, 10 and 1 1, 12. Hence the entire outer Vframe 13 :will be turned b these reactionson pivot 15 into the E.- plane, as illustrated.

' This lgeneral 4method of converting this.

a stable, directive lunstability of a gyro into force is applicable .also to 'y'roscopes -which are rendered unstable by ot .l reversing. the direction of rotation For instance it is plica-ble toa gyroscope in which tion is attained'through shiftin tion yof the center of 'gravity o the po'sif the gyro.'

This application' of my invention is shown 1n the joint application of Herbert H. Thompson and myself Serial No. 3Q854e, t iled May 27, 1915.l I also provide my compass with another '-set 'of contacts 'which may alsol be in the formv of a trolley 25 and a pair of reversmg and converting it .trolley-'j-may be nc'iounting,` the pinion .61y 'and joining it f thereto by a contact mechanism '18 20 which is operated'by movement of the gyrol both.

contacts. The specific construction o motor 171 and or contacts 18 WhichI prefer to emi portance'of this' feature,

' oscillatory movements .scope and the frame containing@ the vertical guide. bearing. Byl employing due tothe -.connection 63 betweentheinotort-andfthe POSQ" main frame ,13 iinto vthe. east xtlieshipshould turn,v .tion .about the vertical axis :15 would cause ermeans than' by of apeneqially sip-l t meneer contacts 26 and 27. This set issojse'cured to the ygyro frames as to be relatively moved-by opposite precession of, the tv vo gyros .about their horizontal faxes. .For example,v "Athe while contacts 26 and 27 may cured to ring 4,

block 29 secured tojarms 30 be mounted on a which is controlled from said' contacts( isij mounted 'so as toex'eita torque lonthe main" 'frame13 about itsvertical axis..andrgtorofy mounted on an. arm 28 se en r'ng 3 (see'also Fig. 3). "The rnotcn'lfilf4 tate it at times.' Motor 31 maybeconne'ctd tothe frame by a pinion() anda largejgearon top of the iframe.v .Preferab1y,.a yielding connection vin lueipose d.1 between 'the4 motor and the frame' such'. as f by loosely 6001i themotor shaftf a spring 63." only'cushions thegfr'ame The spring 63 not 13 againstisudden shocks' dueto :the reversin ofthe motor' 31, butal'so aids in "maim taming 'said `frame in a* state,y of .'continu'ous` oscillation. This .-vibratory orV oscillatory" 'action is-important "in eliminating vtlieini'tial',

,or static frictionofthe verticalbearings of the I have eliminated themecessit'yil f frame ,'13,

employing a. reversing relay between thejcon' individual gyroscopesiwithin the vframe 13,

- 'and also eliminating-like friction .due to the f .tacts on thegyro andthe motor-,for this pui Motor 31 is preferabjly as has heretofore been thoiightnecesg aj repulsionmotor provided with two iel'dwindingsfZ,

33 so positioned with' 'respect and s o connected vvithcontct's to ,reverse the `rotor when trolley Zeferosses from one to the. other (FigjfZ) may for instance, ,any frice'qu'al and opposite procession vo'niiaes 5 and 6 'and hence'canse'contact of trolley 25.with contact -26 or 27.and operate motor 31, which would apply a' torque 'c oii-nterbalancing'the torque due to vfriction. v Supposenow that the -rotor' d 27 as.

Current be supplied fromfanys'ource such as alternator 34. for' both 'sets of contacts 4and 1ra the Elaine- 13 -is out ofthe east-West'plane'.

The 'earths rotation Wllthen cause the. spmning axis of 'bothgyros to *lm ecomev inclined rbut inclined equally and not relatively, so

that motor 31 would'not 'be actuated thereby.,

The gyroswould then exert atorque tend ing to turn frame 13 into the east-west plane.

Anyopposition to this torque vfrom what-y lever cause, such as inertiaA of the frame and connected'parts or friction, will cause relative prece'ssionofthe gyros, -thereby operating contacts -21 and causing motor 31 to assist the gyros'in turning theframe.

i '.tive displacement'o'f'the gyroslwith'respect tothev frame 13.and whichxert a torque aboutl th'evertical a-Xes9,f10,l 11, 12. One method vof accomplishing this result is to make either onezofthelpivots 9'or -11 or' both in the 'forni of t'orsion suspension wires l and 8 from frame 13. @The ends'ofeach wire are preferablv secured toa pair of screws lland 42,

whichmay be adjusted to properlycentrall Y By this adjustment; anotherI novel.' result Ymay be secured. `Inthis form of gyroscopic compass, principally on account of the re= markablewstrength' andl effectiveness of Ithe damping means employed, I find'it desirable tofshift the position -at lwhich't-he gyros centralize foi-.vdilerent latitudes.l Aron- .;.venientfmeans for accomplisinp,r this result -i's afordedby'tscrews .41 andl 4'2, elther 'or 1. both-of which may' be turnedsofas to place aslight 'twist in the, wire.

A further ldz'unping means, Iwhich maybe employed inplace of thegone above de-g scribed', butjwhich I prefer to'einploy inconnection'therewith. is provided by so'shap' ing thercontacts :2.0 and'Ql abovereferred to I(Fig. 4) t-hat the trolle}'7 19, underI thein- :fluenceof vspring 43 will eveillt a'centralizingr effect lon frame 8.- In connection with this `formjof damper. I may also provide a means V`for correcting for different' latitudes. For

` this purpose I mount contacts 20 and 21 on a block'twhich is adjustable on arm' 200.

Screws threaded in extensions 46 from arm 200 provide a vconvenient means for adjusting thef contact. "It will be scent-hat the principle of operation of botlrdevices is the A same.

The, compass is provided'with, slip rings 51 and brushes 52 to bring;r in current to theI .rotors 1 and 2 and to-motors 1T., l' and 3l.

.5X-transmitter 5B driven b v the large gear 54 through which motor 3l turns. frame 13,

l is also provided so as to transmit the-ready(sur ings of the` ma'ster compassl to the repeaters in the well known manner;

Motor 1T maybe a, duplicate of motor 1T and is used instead of motor '1T in case the die `xection of rotation 'of both .wheels is reT versed. Also, if desired. it may, 'be used whenthe' lwheels are' operating as shown. In such ease, itis preferably'eonnected so as vto act in the saine direction as gravity and thus aid gravita'. or it. ma)` be connected so as to oppose gravity. but in the latter case both stationary and preferably wound on the same core 56. The rotory? is without vwindings and consists simply of a soft' iron cole-which may `be connected directly t'o an extending'squared portion ot' axle 6. The

motor windings are 'so connected with contaets 20 and 2l that theinagn'etio flux is shifted when the trolley rolls tfroni one contaet'to the other, thereby exerting a torque oncore 57. In the arrangement shown, this is accomplished by providingtwo opposed windings :2:2 and 23 on the armature. connected with'- tliefcontacts 2Q and `2l respectv'iilely, so that the direction of lcurrent flow will be reversed when the trolley passes fromone ,to the other. lVhcntlie trollo)7 is on ,both contactsgithe current flow-ing through both windings' in opposite'directions will, -`have'little orl no magnetic effect. Motor 1T will opeiateon eitherjdirec-t or alternating,r current. the Ilatterjbeing preferred' in the use indicated. Such a motor will not. of course, makev more than one revolution, but. it \'v.1ll eiert--a substantially constant torque on a body which has great resistive power -and in 'such capacity ti'nd'sespccial appli -af tion to gyrosc'opes. for in these instruments n'o movement takes place in the direction of t'he applied torque, but onlyvat right angles thereto. f -v In accordance' with the,provisions-of the patent statutes, l have hei-cin described the principle ot operation vot' in v invention. to-

gether with the apparatus which lnow consider torepresent 1the best embodiment thereot, but I desire t0 have it understood that the apparatus shown only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means. Also. while it is de-V signed to use the4 various t'caturcs and clements in theconibination and relations dcscribed, some 'of these ma \v be altered and.

others `omitted without inteilei'imcY with the more general results outlined. and the in -vention extends to `such use. For instance` while Iprcfer to make both gyroscopcs pen llo the opposing tendency of one of the devices.

` for'opposite turning about vertical axes and 3. In a meridional indica-tor, apair of meridian seeking devicesplaced so as to opposeeach other, and means for converting :the opposing tendency' of one of the devices so as to'aid'fitlie other device in seeking the meridian.

A.- In agyrocompass, seeking gyr'oscopes interconnected soy as tov f opposfe each other, and meansfor utilizing -the 'opposing tendencybf one gyroscope to aid the other gyroscopepin seel'ng the meridian. i

a meridian seeking vgyroscope, of means leSP the vertical'axis for causing )it to seek'the eridian in a position at a substantial angle f 'to its normal po sition :216. In va'g'y.ro-1coiirp ass,the combination lwith a-ineridian seeking gyroscope, of means for mountingthe same to turn abouta verticai' and horizontal axis, 'and means responsive to turnin of the gyroscope aboutt'he vertical 'axis a apted to exert a torque about the'horizon'tal axis for causing it to' seek the v ,meridian in a position at a substantial angle toits normalA position.

' a gym-compass,- a support'pivotally Imounted --to turn about a vertical axis,

pair4 of gyroscopes, means whereby the same aremounted in said fname and connected for opposite turning about vertical pivots and 'forj oscillation about horizontal pivots atan angle-to the normally horizontal spinning'axes. 4

` 8. Ina gyra-compass, a support pivotally Vil'iounted tol turn about a vertical axis, a pair vf gyroscopes, meanswhereby the sameiare mounted in said frame' andconnected for opposite fior oscillation about horizontal pivots at an `angle to the normally horizontal. spinning axes, and means responsive for exerting'a torque' on one of said gyro# .'soopes 'about a horizontal axis.

9. In a gym-compass, a support pivotally .mounted to turn-about a vertical axis," al

means lwhereby' the same "pair of 'gyroscopes,

' frame and Qonnected are mounted in said for .oscillation about horizontal axes at an angle Ito the'normally horizontal spinning axes, and means responsive to relative oscillations about saiid horizontal axes for exertl'ing a torque about the vertical vaxis of said support.

' 410. In a-gyroecompas's, a'support-pivotfally mounted to turn a-bout` a vertical axis, a pair of gyrs'copes, means whereby the 'saine are mounted in said frame and .connected a pair of meridian -5. In aA gym-compass, the combination with onsive to turning of thegyros'cope'- about' L ots,

.either gyroscope turning about'vertical pivots and to said turning gyI'OScopes,

scopes' on saidsupport for'rotation about in-4 axes, means an fangle to 'the-'snormally horizontal. spinning axes, means; responsive tov said turning -for exerting aftorque 1onone of said gyroscopes about itsfhorizon'tal axis 'of oscilla-v tion, and meansresponsive .to the relative oscillations about said horizontal axes for exerting a torque about theV vertical axis of said support. 4

11. In a meridian seeking gyroscopic apparatus, a support'mouiited for orientation, a Vpair of oppositely` acting gyroscopes mounted thereon, and means interconnecting said gyroscop'es and-'the support for obtaining a meridian seeking ac ion.

12. n a gyro compass, with a support mounted for orientation, of a plurality of gyro rotors. and rotor bearing frames", and means formounting said :frames fon said'support for turning aiboutyvertical pivotsand for oscillationabout ihorizoi'ital pivots.

In a gyro' compass, with -a support" mounted lfor orientation, of a plurality of ro rotors and rotor bearing frames, means said support fo ots and' for osci turning about vertical pivn about horizontal pivscopes .adapted to' ransmit predetermined movements withiiijtlie-frame to the support.

14. In a gyro`compass,` a pivotally mounted supporting soo-pes' mounted .therein for 'relative movement with respectthereto and 'a damping -nieans therefor. comprising a yielding positionof' means responsive to a change of 'with respect to the frame.

15. In a Y ed supporting `frame, therein for relative "i' ii0veinent with respect thereto'jand an electrical'contact between `said gyroscope and' frame adapted to exert a yielding ceiitl'aliziig pressure "when displaced.. 's

16. In a ally mounted about a vertical axis, a pair `of means forinounting said gyrond'horizontal axes atan dependentvertical angle to their normally horizontal spinning allowing onlyeqi'alf'aiid opposite rotation the combination onmounting said frames on' land means in rconnec'ting said gyrol yfraine,"`a plurality of gyro' ro-coinpass, a pivot'ally mounta gyroscope mounted gym-compass, a support piiot-4 lfor connecting said gyroscopes- 'so the combination" about saidA veiticalaxes, means responsive lto the relative'movement of the two .gyroscopes for exertin'gf a .torque about the verti- 4 cal axis of said/ s the frame for' exertingatorqueabout a horizontal axis.,

ally mounted.l aboutl a-verti'eal axis, apair of and means responsive to their conjoint movement relative to fortopposite turning about vertical pivots v, and for independent oscillation about hori- -zontal pivots' at an angle lto the normally horizontal spinning axes, and centralizing means. lfor jdie gyioscopes.

18.y In gyro apparatus, a gyroscope, means :whereby the saine is supported to turn about'an 'axis in unstable equilibriuiu), and for precession about a second .axis and 'means responsive to precessionalfmovement. of said gyroscope about said secondl axis for exerting a torque thereon about said rst'nained axis.- l, 19.'. In an: electrical means for controlling gyrosco es, the combination withv a gyro' f scopeio ja commutator adapted@ to be act.u,

atedy by' movement of the.- gyro abouty one axis, a'inotor in circuit with such commutator'. connected to-exert a torque ,about an 'axisfat an angle to said' other axis compris'- ing-a'stationary field coil, a stationary arma 'ture coil adaptedto 4vary the magnetic flux v produced'by the field coil and a magnetic zrotor;

-20'. A 'gyro-compass comprising a support mounted 'for rota-tion aboutian axis, a

pluralitjt of gyroscopes, vmeans for pivotally mounting the same thereon about axes par allel to said first named axis and other axes per endicular thereto, means connecting sai g'yroscopes so as to restrain their move- -inent about said .parallel axes and means responsiveto relative movement of the gyro- 'scopes kabout said perpendicular axes for g the gyroscopes in turning the sup-v "a support, gyros'cope, means for pendulously *mounting the same on saidl support on horizontal andvertical pivots, a second gyro- Scope, means for mounting the same on similar pivots, me'ans 4for, coupling said gy'roscopes about their verticalV axes, and means l or'cau'siiig a torque to be applied'to one of said gyroscopes similarflit in the opposite" direction to that exerted by gravity on a y'pendulous -gyroseopef Y l 2'2. In aineridian gyroscopic apparatus, a

"support, a gyroscope, meansfor pendulously mounting t-he same on said'support on horiy zontal and vertical pivots, a second gyro# scope, means for mounting tli'e same n'siinilar pivots, means for. coupling saidV gyroscopes about their vertical pivots, and means fo'r causing'a torque to be applied to one of said gyroscopes similar, but. inthe opposite` direction, to that exerted by gravityl on a pendulous gyroscope, said means being conytrolled by precession of said lgyroscopes about their vertical axes.

23. In a meridian gvvroscopic apparatus.

4`'the combination with a gyi'oscope mounted lwith three degrees of lfreedom. of means for providing it with artificial ballistic properties'ooinprising contacts adapted to be nioved bvlprecession of said gvro about its vertical axis and an electrical device controlled by4 said contacts for applying a'torque about the horizontal ,axisof the gyio.

24. In gyroscopic apparatus, aframe, a

plurality' of gyroscopes .mounted on .said 'raine, means for .coupling said vro-l scopes for ,opposite .precessiom a pair. of reversing contacts and a spring pressed trolley,

- on'e of which is mounted on a gyroscope so 'as to be moved relatively to theother on f precessi'on 'of theI gyroscope,` lsaid ,contacts being so shaped as lto vcentraline the4 gyfroscopes.

Q5. Ingyroscopic apparatusa frame, ai

plurality of gyroscopesiiiounte on .said

scopes for opposite'precession, a pair of reversing contacts and a spring pressed trolley, roscope so 'as to befmoved relatively-to t ie other on one of which'is mounted on a frames, means for mounting said frames on' frafme and means .for couplingf'saidgyrosaid support for turning about verticali? pivots, including a torsion suspension, and means for ad'usting said suspension for dif'- ferent latitudes.I

i 2T. In a meridian seekin gyroscopio ap-` paratusa support mounte, for orientation, a plurality -of gyroscopesmounted .thereon for turning about vertical pivots within the.

support, and means brought into action by ,"s'ucli turning for dani ing the oscillationsof the ap aratus about t 1e meridian.

28. n an electrical means for controlling gyroscopes, the combination with algyroscope ofa commutator adapted to be actu ated by movement of the gyro about an axis, a 'motor in circuit with such commutator connected to exert a torque about an lairis at an angle to said other axis comprising a pluion .rality of stationary windings, an armature without windings, a portion of said windtor that the current is rei'ersed 'on actuation of said coinin'utator, while the current through another portion of Said windings remains siibstaiitiall unaffected.

ings being so connectedl with said connn'uta# 29.' In' a gym-compass, the combination I' with a .support mounted for orientatiom'a reversible motive` means .c'nnected to said.

support for turning the same, resilient means iii the connectionsI between said iiieaii and support, a gyroscope mounted for turning upon said support, and relatively displaceable by such turning for actuating said 1motive means.

. 30. In a gyrocoiup'ass, .the'combination reversing contacts I withI a support, of ayroseope, bearings guidlng sard, gyroscope, o

r rotation on said support and means-yieldingly.Connected.' to said support for maintainingxsaid' 'supportand gyroscope in a stateof continuous vibrafA 31.v In a ,gyro compass, a support pvotaly mountedA about a vertical axis, a pair ogy ros mounted thereon and connected for oppor site 'precesson about vertical axes and or 'independent oscilation about horizontal axes, said gyros being so cesi'gned that torques aboutl the vertical axis .due to rollingv 'ofthe ship will cause opposite precesson iiabdt their horizontal axes, and means brought into action by saidrelative preces- ,May '1915.

sion for exerting a couteraetilire torque about L `frames,means for mounting said frames on" .saic support for' turning` about vertieal pivots, resilient centralizing means for said gyrscopes and means whereby said means may-be-adjusted to vary the centralized posi-.-

tion 4o1: a gyroscope to compensate .fo

changes inlatitude.y v

In testimony whereof, I have signi-2d lny name to Vthis Spooification this 14th day of "HARRY LAUanNonfrANNEl-.- 

